How to Make a Herbarium Press

Preserving plant specimens for scientific study or personal interest can be a rewarding and educational experience. One of the most traditional and effective methods for doing this is by creating a herbarium press. This tool allows you to flatten and dry plants, creating a lasting record of their form and features. Here, we'll guide you through the process of making your own herbarium press, from gathering materials to using it effectively.

Before we dive into the construction process, let's briefly discuss why creating a herbarium press is beneficial. Firstly, it enables you to create a permanent record of plant species, which is invaluable for scientific research, conservation efforts, and educational purposes. Secondly, it's a fascinating hobby that combines art, science, and craftsmanship. Lastly, having your own press allows you to collect and preserve plants from your local environment, fostering a deeper connection with nature.

Gathering Materials and Tools

To create a functional herbarium press, you'll need a combination of common and specialized materials. Here's a list of what you'll need:

• Two pieces of plywood or MDF (medium-density fiberboard), approximately 24" x 36" each
• Four carriage bolts, washers, and nuts (1/2" or 5/8" diameter, 4" long)
• Four corner braces
• Wood glue
• Clamps
• Saw (hand saw, jigsaw, or circular saw)
• Drill
• Herbarium paper (acid-free, archival quality)
• Blotting paper
• Plant press boards (optional, but recommended for even pressure distribution)

You might also find it helpful to have a ruler, pencil, sandpaper, and safety gear (such as gloves and safety glasses) on hand.

Building the Press Frame

Begin by cutting your plywood or MDF boards to size. You'll need two pieces measuring 24" x 36" each. These will serve as the top and bottom of your press. Once cut, lightly sand any rough edges to prevent injury and ensure smooth operation.

Next, lay out your boards side by side, with the good sides facing up. Drill four pilot holes (about 1/2" deep) into each corner of the top board, spacing them evenly apart. These holes will accommodate your carriage bolts.

Assembling the Press

Apply wood glue to the edges of the bottom board, then place the top board on top, aligning the corners. Secure the boards together using your clamps, allowing the glue to dry according to the package instructions.

Once the glue has dried, remove the clamps and attach the corner braces to the inside of the press, using screws provided. These braces will help reinforce the structure and maintain even pressure across the press.

Preparing the Press for Use

Now that your press is assembled, it's time to prepare it for use. Start by drilling four holes through the top board, aligning them with the pilot holes you created earlier. These holes should be slightly smaller in diameter than your carriage bolts to ensure a snug fit.

Insert your carriage bolts through the holes, followed by washers and nuts. Tighten the nuts securely, but be careful not to overtighten, as this could warp the press or make it difficult to open and close.

Adding Plant Press Boards

If you've chosen to include plant press boards, now is the time to add them. These boards, typically made of foam or plastic, help distribute pressure evenly across the plants, preventing uneven drying and damage. Place one board on the bottom of the press, then stack your plants and herbarium paper as described below.

You can also create makeshift press boards using layers of cardboard or foam sheets. While not as durable as commercial options, these DIY alternatives can still provide adequate pressure distribution.

Stacking Plants and Paper

To preserve a plant using your herbarium press, start by collecting fresh specimens. Choose plants that are in good condition, with minimal damage or disease. Once collected, carefully remove any excess soil, insects, or debris, and trim the stems to a manageable length (usually around 6-8 inches).

Next, place a sheet of herbarium paper on a flat surface. Center your plant on the paper, then fold the paper over the plant, enclosing it completely. Make sure the plant is lying flat and all its features are visible through the paper. Repeat this process with additional plants, stacking them on top of one another, separated by sheets of blotting paper to absorb excess moisture.

Place your stacked plants and paper into the press, on top of the plant press board (if using). Close the press gently, then tighten the bolts incrementally, using a wrench or pliers if necessary. The goal is to apply even pressure across the entire surface of the plants, without crushing them.

Once the press is closed, you can leave it undisturbed for several weeks to allow the plants to dry completely. Check on your specimens periodically to ensure they're drying evenly and that no mold or mildew is forming. Once dried, your plants will be ready for labeling, cataloging, and display in your herbarium.

Creating a herbarium press is a rewarding project that combines practical skills with a love of nature. By following these steps, you'll have a functional tool for preserving plant specimens, allowing you to document and appreciate the flora around you. Happy pressing!